The second of the Fall Appointed Times (Moedim) commanded by YAHWEH is Yom Kippur on which is September 30th which means it begins on September 29th at sundown to September 30th sundown which is the most set-apart (Kodesh) Day of the year, Yom ha’kippurim (Yom Kippur) The Day of Atonement. Make sure you do NO WORK on this day as it is a Shabbat Shabbaton a day for complete rest, complete stopping and ceasing from all activity just as the weekly 7th Day Shabbat is a Shabbat Shabbaton. We will be discussing what Yom Kippur is, how to observe Yom Kippur, what is involved in a fast, YESHUA being our High Priest, do children have to fast, and the connection with Bar Abba and the scapegoat.
The Book of Jubilees shows us why and when Yom Kippur was instituted:
Jubilees 34:12-18
“And the sons of Jacob slaughtered a kid, and dipped the coat of Joseph in blood, and sent it to Jacob their dad on the TENTH DAY OF THE SEVENTH MONTH (YOM KIPPUR). And he mourned all that night, for they had brought it to him in the evening (Leviticus 23:32 evening to evening), and he became feverish with mourning for his death, and he said, “And evil beast has devoured Joseph; and all the members of his house were grieving and mourning with him all that day. And his sons and his daughter rose up to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted for his son. And on that day Bilhah heard that Joseph had perished, and she died mourning him, and she was living in Qafratef, and Dinah also, his daughter died after Joseph had perished. And these THREE MOURNINGS came upon Yisra’el in one month. And they buried Bilhah over against the tomb of Rachel, and Dinah, his daughter, they also buried there. And he mourned for Joseph for one year, and did not cease, for he said, “Let me go down to the grave mourning for my son.” For this reason it is ordained for the children of Yisra’el that they should afflict themselves on the tenth day of the seventh month. On the day that the news which made him weep for Joseph came to Jacob his dad, that they should make atonement for themselves with a young goat on the tenth day of the seventh month, once a year, for their transgressions; for they had grieved the affection of their dad regarding Joseph his son. And this day has been ordained that they should grieve for their transgressions, and for all their transgressions and for all their errors, so that they might cleanse themselves on that day once a year.”
YAHWEH commands us in Leviticus 23:26-32 saying:
"The tenth day of this seventh month is Yom ha'Kippurim (ha-kee-pur-eem) the Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present an offering made to YAHWEH by fire. DO NO WORK ON THAT DAY, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before YAHWEH your ELOHIM. Anyone who does NOT deny himself on that day must be cut off from his people. I will destroy (karat pronounced ka-rot) from among his people anyone who does any work on that day. You shall DO NO WORK AT ALL. This is to be a LAW for the generations to come, wherever you live. It is a SHABBAT (Shabbat Shabbaton) rest for COMPLETE you, and you must deny yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your SHABBAT."
Leviticus 16:29-34
“And this shall be for you a Law FOREVER: in the seventh month, on the TENTH DAY of the month, you afflict your beings, and do no work, the native or the stranger who sojourns among you (gentiles). For on that day he makes atonement for you, to cleanse you, to be clean from all your transgressions before YAHWEH. It is a SHABBAT OF REST (Shabbat Shabbaton) for you, and you shall afflict your beings-a LAW FOREVER. Verse 34 And this shall be for you a LAW FOREVER, to make atonement for the children of Yisra’el, for all their transgressions, once a year.”
Numbers 29:7-11
“And on the TENTH of this seventh month you have a set-apart gathering, and you shall afflict your beings, YOU DO NOT WORK. And you shall bring near a burnt offering to YAHWEH, a SWEET FRAGRANCE: one young bull, one ram, seven lambs a year old, perfect ones they are for you, and their grain offering: fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenth parts for the bull, two-tenth parts for the one ram, one-tenth part for each of the seven lambs, one male goat as a iniquity offering, besides the iniquity offering for atonement, the continual burnt offering with its grain offering, and their drink offerings.”
YESHUA is the Lamb of YAHWEH who takes away the iniquities of the world and offered Himself with His blood and not the blood of bulls and goats. It is important to see what YESHUA’s blood did for us with His atoning blood for us on the execution stake.
Hebrews 9:12-14
“And He did not enter with the blood of goats and calves, but by His own blood He entered in once into the set-apart place, and obtained for us EVERLASTING SALVATION. For if the blood of goats and calves and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who were defiled cleansed them even to the cleansing of their flesh, how much more will the blood of Messiah, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to ELOHIM, purify our conscience from dead works so that we may serve the living ELOHIM? For this cause He became the mediator of the New Covenant and by His death He became salvation for those who transgressed the old covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of eternal inheritance.”
YESHUA fulfills the animal offerings for us with His blood and the IS sweet fragrance that YAHWEH mentions that comes from the burnt offering:
Ephesians 5:2
“And walk in love, as Mashiach (Messiah) also has loved us, and gave Himself for us, a gift and an offering to YHWH for a SWEET-SMELLING FRAGRANCE.”
So we see that we are to do no work, have a set-apart gathering, grieve over our iniquities, to completely afflict our souls and deny ourselves, which means at least a 24 hour fast of no food or water. We can deny ourselves through fasting because we need food and water to live and in doing so we are denying our being for the day. Example:
Anah (ah-nah) - means to bow down or afflict
Nefesh (neh-fesh)-soul or yourself
Psalms 35:13
"I humbled my soul with fasting" I anah my nefesh with fasting.
Matthew 9:14-15 (Hebrew)
“Then disciples of John came unto YESHUA MASHIACH, saying, “Why do your disciples not AFFLICT THEMSLEVES like us and the Pharisees? So YESHUA MASHIACH said to them, “Because of the bridegroom—while he is alive, all of them who are with him are not able to be quenched. But when the time comes that man will hide the bridegroom, THEN THEY WILL FAST.”
The same applies for Isaiah 58:3
"Why have we fasted, and You have not seen? Why have we afflicted ourselves, and You took no note?"
So as we see from the scriptures above that denying/humbling/afflicting your soul means to fast, which is what we are supposed to do on Yom Kippur.
Do children have to fast?
The Samaritan Torah page 286 says “Soul”—The Israelite Samaritans understood “soul” in this regard as the infant that MUST fast the Day of Atonement of the year in which the infant WAS WEANED from the breast. The Jewish halacha understood the soul as being one who has reached 13 years of age.”
Genesis 21:8
“And the child (Isaac) grew and was WEANED; and Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was WEANED.”
Weaning is when a child is completely off of the breast milk which can be anywhere from the ages of 18 months to 4 years, some say 5 years old maximum. So, we can agree that Isaac was not 13 years old when he was weaned. It appears the Samaritans have it correct that once a child is weaned then he or she should participate in the fast. As always take it to our Father YAHWEH in prayer. Here are some other examples:
2 Chronicles 20:3-4
“And Jehoshaphat feared, and he raised up his face to pray before YAHWEH and proclaimed a FAST FOR ALL THE INHABITANTS of Judah. And he said to them, gather yourselves together an come let us beseech YAHWEH our ELOHIM. And ALL the inhabitants of Judah gathered themselves together, even from far off cities, and they came to beseech YAHWEH.”
Jonah 3:5-7
“So the people of Nineveh believed in ELOHIM and decreed a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least. And when the news reached the king of Nineveh, he arose from his throne and took off his crown from his head and covered himself with sackcloth and sat in ashes. And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, let neither MEN NOR BEAST, HERD NOR FLOCK, TASTE ANYTHING, LET THEM NOT FEED NOR DRINK WATER…
So even in Nineveh it was proclaimed that not only humans should not eat or drink water, but also the animals.
What is involved in a Fast?
We firstly deny ourselves by not eating any food or drinking any water, we must turn away from our own desires/pleasures and to completely seek YAHWEH’s face, and we are not to oppress others. This is how to be heard by our ELOHIM and to present an acceptable fast before the face of YAHWEH. Humble yourselves before Him and do justice where there is injustice.
Isaiah 58:2-4
“They seek Me day by day and desire to know My ways, as a people that have done righteousness and have not forsaken judgment of their ELOHIM; they now ask from Me righteous judgment and desire to draw near to ELOHIM, saying Why have we fasted and you have not regarded? Why have we afflicted ourselves, and You take no notice? Behold, in the day of your fast you do what you wish, and you present offerings to all of your idols. Behold, you fast for strife and quarreling, and to strike violently with the fist of wickedness; you shall not fast as you to do this day, to make your voice to be heard on high.” Is it such a fast that I have chosen? A day for a man to afflict his soul, to bow down his head like a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? Will you call this a fast, and acceptable day to YAHWEH? This is the fast that I have chosen: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to cut off the bands of treachery, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke; to share your bread with the hungry, and to bring the stranger to your house; when you see the naked to cover him; and to refuse not one of your own flesh.”
Next, I would like to cover some examples of what was usually done during a fast which included weeping, mourning, and fasting, I also would recommend laying in sackcloth as they did in ancient Yisra’el and if you are able, to put dust or ashes on our heads to completely humble ourselves. You can get dirt outside or even use ashes from the grill. What is sackcloth? A very coarse, rough fabric woven from flax, hemp, or jute vegetable fibers.
Joel (Yo’el) 2:12
“Yet even now,” declares YAHWEH, “turn to Me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning.”
2 Chronicles 34:27
“Because your heart was tender, and you humbled yourself before ELOHIM when you heard His words against this place and against its inhabitants, and you humbled yourself before Me, and you tore your garments and wept before Me, I also have heard,” declares YAHWEH.”
Esther 4:15-16
“And Esther commanded to reply to Mordecai, “Go, gather all the Jews who are present in Shushan, and fast for me, and DO NOT EAT OR DRINK for three days, night or day. I too, and my young women shall fast in the same way, then I shall go to the king, which is against the law. And if I shall perish, I shall perish!”
Additions to Esther 14:1
“Queen Esther also, being in fear of death, came to YAHWEH, and laid aside her splendid apparel, and put on garments of anguish and mourning (Sackcloth). And instead of precious ointments, she covered her head with ASHES and dung, and she humbled her body greatly, and all the places of her joy she filled with her torn hair.”
Jeremiah 4:8
“For these things gird yourselves with SACKCLOTH and lament and howl: for the anger of YAHWEH is not turned away from you.”
2 Maccabees 13:10-12
“When Judah learned of this, he commanded the multitude to call on YAHWEH night and day that He would help them now if ever at any other time, being at the point that their Torah, their country and their set-apart Temple taken from them; and that He would not allow the people that had only just now been a little refreshed, to be in subjection to the blasphemous nations. So when they had all done this together and pleaded for the kindness of ELOHIM with WEEPING AND FASTING and LYING FLAT upon the ground for THREE DAYS (Like Esther 4:15-16), Judah, having encouraged them, commanded they should make themselves ready.”
Testament of Joseph 10:1-3
“Therefore, my children, you see how patience works great things, and prayer too WITH FASTING. So you also-if you follow after self-control and purity, with patience and prayer, with fasting in humility of heart-YAHWEH will dwell among you, because He loves self control. And wherever the Most High dwells, even though envy, or slavery, or slander happens, YAHWEH who dwells in him, for the sake of his self-control not only delivers him from evil, but also exalts him even as me.”
Job 16:15
“I sewed SACKCLOTH over my skin, and laid my horn in the dust.”
1 Maccabees 3:46-47
“Therefore the Yisra’elites assembled themselves together, and came to Mitspah, opposite Jerusalem; for in Mitspah was the place where they previously prayed in Yisra’el. Then they fasted that day, and put on SACKCLOTH, and threw on ashes on their heads, and tore their garments.”
Judith 4:9-15
“Then every man of Yisra’el cried to ELOHIM with great ardor, and they humbled their beings with great fervency; both they and their wives and their children and their cattle and every stranger and hired man and their servants bought with money, and put SACKCLOTH upon their loins. So every man and woman and the little children and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, fell before the Temple, and threw ASHES upon their heads, and spread out their SACKCLOTH before the face of YAHWEH; they also put sackcloth around the altar, and cried to the ELOHIM of Yisra’el all with one accord earnestly, that He would not give their children as prey and their wives as spoil and the cities of their inheritance to destruction and the Set-Apart Place to defilement and reproach, and for the nations to rejoice at. So ELOHIM heard their prayers and looked upon their afflictions; FOR THE PEOPLE FASTED MANY DAYS in all Judah and Jerusalem before the Set-Apart Place of YAHWEH ELOHIM.”
Job 42:6
“Therefore I recant and repent in dust and ashes.”
Lamentations 2:10
“The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground, are silent. They have thrown DUST on their heads, they have girded themselves with SACKCLOTH.”
1 Kings 21:27
“And it came to be, when Ahab heard those words, that he tore his garments and put SACKLOTH on his body, and fasted and lay in SACKCLOTH, and went softly.”
1 Chronicles 21:16
“And David lifted his eyes and saw the messenger of YAHWEH standing between earth and the heavens, having in his hand a drawn sword stretched out over Jerusalem. And David and the elders, wrapped in SACKCLOTH, fell on their faces.”
Nehemiah 9:1
“And on the twenty-fourth day of this month the children of Yisra’el were assembled with FASTING, AND IN SACKCLOTH, and with earth (dust) on them.”
Mathew 11:21
“Woe to you, Korazin! Woe to you, Beth Saida! Because if the miracles which were done in you had been done in Tsor and Sidon, they would have REPENTED long ago in SACKCLOTH AND ASHES.”
Jonah 3:4-5
“And Jonah began to go in to the city on the first day’s walk. And he cried out and said, “Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown! And the men of Nineveh believed in ELOHIM, and proclaimed A FAST, AND PUT ON SACKCLOTH, from the greatest to the least of them.”
2 Maccabees 10:25-26
“But when he drew near, those that were with Maccabee turned to pray to ELOHIM, and threw DUST on their heads and girded their lions with SACKCLOTH.”
YESHUA and connection to two goats presented
Leviticus 16:5-10
“And he shall take from the congregation of the children of Yisra’el TWO kids of the goats for a iniquity offering and one ram for a burnt offering. And Aaron shall offer the bullock of the iniquity offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself and for his house. And he shall take the two goats and present them ALIVE before YAHWEH at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And Aaron shall CAST LOTS upon the two goats, one lot for YAHWEH and the other lot for Azazel. And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which YAHWEH’s lot fell and offer it for a iniquity offering. But the goat on which the lot of Azazael fell shall be presented alive before YAHWEH to make atonement with it and to send it away to Azazael into the wilderness.”
Mathew 27:15-20 (Complete Jewish Bible)
“It was the governor’s custom during a festival too set free one prisoner, whomever the crowd asked for. There was at that time a notorious prisoner being held, named Yeshua Bar-Abba. So when a crowd had gathered, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to set free to you? Bar-Abba? Or YESHUA, called the Messiah?
As we see in Leviticus 16:5 that two identical goats were brought before YAHWEH ALIVE and one would be a iniquity burnt offering and the other Azazel the scapegoat would be set free into the wilderness by a fit man with the iniquities of Yisra’el on his forehead. “Bar Abba” means “Son of the Father”. Bar in Aramaic is Son and Abba means Father; but in the Complete Jewish Bible his name is rendered as Yeshua Bar Abba (Yeshua Son of the Father) just like our Messiah is literally YESHUA THE SON OF THE FATHER which matches with the two identical goats that Aaron brings before YAHWEH, which is why lots had to be cast because they looked alike. So, the same symbolism is being applied here that the murderer about to be freed is Yeshua Bar Abba (Yeshua The Son of the Father) and YESHUA THE SON OF THE FATHER were both brought out ALIVE and identical by name; and this allowed for the transgressor (Bar Abba) to trade places with the perfect YESHUA the Son of YAHWEH who would offered up as a iniquity offering and set the transgressor free. The Same way YESHUA traded places with US and let us “the transgressor” be set us free.
2 Corinthians 5:21
“For, on your account, He (YAHWEH) had made Him (YESHUA) who knew no iniquity to be a iniquity offering that we might by Him become the righteousness of ELOHIM.”
Isaiah 53:6
“Truly, He has borne our sicknesses and carried our pains. Yet we reckoned Him stricken, smitten by ELOHIM, and afflicted. But He was pierced for transgressions, He was crushed for our WICKEDNESSES. The chastisement for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed. We all, like sheep, went astray; each one of us has turned to his own way. And YAHWEH has laid on HIM THE WICKEDNESS OF US ALL.”
YESHUA our High Priest and Everything points to YESHUA and His atonement
Also, surrounding Yom ha’kippurim is that everything points to YESHUA just as the entire Old Testament does. In ancient times the high priest (kohen ha’gadol) would enter into the Tent of Meeting once a year, behind the veil, into the kadosh ha’kadoshim ( holy of holies) and make atonement for himself, his household, and for the assembly of Yisra’el. He would sprinkle blood on the mercy seat that sat above the Ark of the Covenant (Leviticus 16:14-17). Then the high priest would confess the iniquities, transgressions, and wickedness of Yisra’el onto the forehead of Azazel (scapegoat) and a fit man would send him into the wilderness with the iniquities and that goat himself would bear the wickedness of the people
It is just a constant reminder of how everything was a foreshadow of YESHUA being the perfect sacrificial lamb; just like the blood of the perfect lamb spared the children of Yisra’el in Egypt and YAHWEH “Passed Over them” and protected them is the same way the perfect blood of the Lamb of YESHUA saves us and iniquity and death “Pass Over us”.
Romans 5:16-19
“And the effect of the gift of ELOHIM was greater than the effect of the offence of Adam; for while the judgement from one man’s offence resulted in condemnation of many, the gift of ELOHIM in forgiveness of iniquities resulted in righteousness to many more. For if by one man’s offence, death reigned, how much more those who receive abundance of mercy and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, YESHUA HA’MASHIACH. In like manner as by one man’s offence, condemnation came upon ALL MEN,, even so by the righteousness of one man will the victory of life be to ALL MEN. For as by one man’s disobedience many were made transgressors, so by the obedience of one man shall many be made righteous.”
While atonement was being made; the high priest did all the work and the community of Yisra’el did not need to do anything, just as YESHUA is our High Priest and has done all the work of atonement for us on the execution stake.
YESHUA is our High Priest and intercedes for us at the throne:
Hebrews 8:1-2
“Now above all we have a High Priest who is seated at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven; and He has become the minister of the sanctuary and of the true tabernacle which ELOHIM pitched and not man.”
YESHUA is our High Priest and King in the order of Melchizedek who was the only other king/priest in scripture:
Genesis 14:18
“And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out loaves and wine and he was the PRIEST of Elyon ELOHIM.”
Psalms 110:4
“YAHWEH has sworn, and will not lie, You are a priest forever after the ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK.”
Hebrews 7:11
“If therefore perfection had been reached by the Levitical priesthood by which the law was enacted for the people, what further need was there that another priest should rise after the ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK? Otherwise, the scriptures would have said that he would be after the order Aaron.”
The Dead Sea Scrolls 11Q13- The Coming Melchizedek says:
“And concerning what Scripture says, “In this year of Jubilee you shall return, everyone of you, to your property” (Lev. 25;13) And what is also written; “And this is the manner of the remission; every creditor shall remit the claim that is held against a neighbor, not exacting it of a neighbor who is a member of the community, because ELOHIM’s remission has been proclaimed” (Deut.15;2) the interpretation is that it applies to the Last Days and concerns the captives, just as Isaiah said: “To proclaim the Jubilee to the captives” (Isa. 61;1) (…) just as (…) and from the inheritance of Melchizedek, for (… Melchizedek) , who will return them to what is rightfully theirs. He will proclaim to them the Jubilee, thereby releasing them from the debt of all their iniquities. He shall proclaim this decree in the first week of the jubilee period that follows nine jubilee periods.
Then the “DAY OF ATONEMENT” shall follow after the tenth jubilee period, when he shall atone for all the Sons of Light, and the people who are predestined to Melchizedek (Reference to YESHUA in order of Melchizedek) (…) upon them (…) For this is the time decreed for the “Year of Melchizedek`s favor”, and by his might he will judge ELOHIM’s set-apart ones and so establish a righteous kingdom, as it is written about him in the Songs of David ; “A Elohim like being has taken his place in the council of ELOHIM; in the midst of divine beings he holds judgement”
Testament of Levi 8:14
“And the third will be called a renewed name, because a KING will arise from Judah, and will establish a NEW PRIESTHOOD (Tribe of Judah not Levi), after the fashion of the nations to all the nations. And His presence is beloved, as a prophet of the Most High (Deuteronomy 18:18), of the seed of Abraham.”
YESHUA’s Priesthood in order of Melchizedek predates the Levitical priesthood. Clearly, YESHUA is KING, HIGH PRIEST, PROPHET, and everything in one! And outside of Melchizedek there was no other king priest because these are always two separate offices in scripture.
Zechariah 6:13
“Even He shall build the temple of YAHWEH; and He shall bear the esteem, and shall sit and rule upon His throne; and He shall be a PRIEST upon HIS THRONE (KING); and the counsel of peace shall be between them both.”
The work that the human high priest did was a shadow of what was to come with YESHUA who would be the final atonement for us all because He has already done all the work for atonement! We don’t have a human high priest sacrificing animals anymore as we are the temple. YESHUA is our High Priest and unlike the human priests He does not have to make a sacrifice for His own iniquities because He was without iniquity and He makes continual intercessions for us because unlike humans He does not die, which makes Him a permanent High Priest forever.
Hebrews 4:14
“We have, therefore, a great High Priest who has ascended into heaven, YESHUA HA’MASHIACH, the Son of ELOHIM; let us remain firm in His faith. For we do not have a High Priest who cannot share our infirmities, but we have One who was tempted with everything as we are, and yet without iniquity.”
Hebrews 7:26-27
“For it was fitting that we should have such a Kohen ha’Gadol (High Priest)-kind, innocent, undefiled, having been separated from transgressors, and exalted above the heavens, who does not need, as those high priests, to offer up slaughter offerings day by day, first for His own iniquities and then for those of the people, for this HE did ONCE FOR ALL when He offered up Himself.”
1 John 2:1
“My little children, these things I write to you that you do not transgress. And if any man transgresses, we have an advocate with the Father, YESHUA HA’HA’MASHIACH the righteous.”
Die to self
YESHUA being ELOHIM the Son gave up His authority as King and humbled Himself to die for us. That is love and we need to follow that example by giving up ourselves and denying our existence and follow our Master YESHUA's example. Yom Kippur teaches us to die to self, deny ourselves, afflict our souls, weep, mourn and live for Him.
As we remember to deny, humble, and afflict ourselves during Yom ha’Kippurim let us use YESHUA our Messiah as the perfect example of how He completely denied His own existence for our sake when He said in
Mathew 26:39
"My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from Me. Yet not as I will, but as you will."
Matthew 16:24 (Hebrew)
“And then YESHUA said to his talmidim (disciples), “Whosoever wants to follow after Me it is obligated that He should give up hope for himself, and that he take his warp and woof (execution stake) and follow after Me.”
YESHUA died so that we may live and freed us from the law of iniquity and death, by breaking the chains of Satan so that we do not have to suffer eternal torment! YAHWEH poured out His wrath upon His only Son so that we do not have to face what we are deserving of. We have been redeemed by His blood, so let us put our lives and fleshy desires to the side and do our Father YAHWEH's will and be obedient in our walk with YESHUA, HalleluYAH!
1 John 4:9-10:
"By this the love of YAHWEH was manifested in us, that YAHWEH has sent His only brought-forth Son into the world, in order that we might live through Him. In this love, not that we loved YAHWEH, but that He loved us and sent His Son to be an atoning offering for our iniquities."
As always, may our Father YAHWEH bless you all in YESHUA’s Name!